The Mass of the Roman Catholic Church Music Analysis Chapter 3 Mass (around pages 52 and 56)
Terms:
Antiphon Antiphonal Canticles
Neumatic Recitation formula Responsories Responsorial
DirectMass Monophonic Trope Melismatic Syllabic
Overview
Early forms of Roman Catholic were sermons. Over time the sermons were divided into two parts.
Part one was for baptised Roman Catholics and potential Converts. It contained prayers, readings from the Bible, psalms, and often a sermon. Part two the catechumens was only for participants confirmed by the church.
2) The Mass evolved Introduction Liturgy of the Word Bible readings and Psalms Liturgy of the Eucharist (Give thanks) Communion offerings prayers
By the 14th century the main musical sections of the Ordinary (Kyrie,Gloria,Credo,Sanctus, and
Agnus Dei) were added.
Proper
Ordinary
Introductory
Section
1 Intriot
4) Collect
2) Kyrie 3) Gloria
Liturgy of the Word
5) Epistle 6) Gradual 7) Alleluia (or Text) 8) Sequence (on major feasts) 9) Gospel 10) Sermon (Spoken)
11) Credo
Liturgy of the Eucharist
12) Offertory
14) Secret 15) Preface
20) Communion 21) Postcommunion
13) Prayers
16) Sanctus 17) Canon 18) Pater Noster (the Lords Prayer) 19) Agnus Dei
22) Ite, missa est
Blue: Sung by Chior Red: Intoned Green: Spoken (fig 3.2 The Mass)
Proper Mass–
Texts vary from day to day
Chants called by fuction (what does this mean?)
Ordinary Mass–
Texts do not change
Melodies can vary
Chants called by initial words
Sung portions are perfromed by chior (originaly by congregation) monestary all male, convent all female.
Performance of Chant
The Office A series of 8 servicesoriginating from the Middle Ages celebrated daily at specific times
Office was important for monestaries and convents (Mass and Office observances took several hours a day)
All members sang in the services
Midnight
Sunrise
6
9
12
3
Sunset
9
Midnight
Matins
Prime
Terce
Sext
Nones
Vespers, then Compline
------------------------ Little Hours ------------------------
Conducting offices was different in churches than moestaries and convents. Instructions codified by St Benedict (530)for monestaries Offices include psalms with antiphon
Antiphon a chant sung befor and after a psalm Responsories musicalreponses to bible readings (hymns) Canticles poetic passages from the bible other than psalms and the prayers
Chant
Antiphonal Direct Responsorial
neumatic melismatic syllabic trope
Characteristics: Singers use three manners of performance
Responsorial- soloist alternates with the chior
Antiphonal- two groups alternate
Direct- without alternation
Characteristics of three styles of text setting
syllabic one note to one syllable (99%)
neumatic syllables carry one to six notes
melismatic long melodic passages on one syllable
Some parts of Mass and Offices are chanted to recitation formulas. Recitation formula simple melodic outlines that can be used with different texts. Simple and ornate, chant melodies are vehicles for declaining words. It was easier to undestand words that were sung that spoken in reverberant churches. Melodies reflect the shape and rhythym of text without expression. Every chant melodie is articulated like its coresponding text. (p57) The arch of the phrases parralels the way Latin is spoken.
Sections of Ordinary Mass Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Music Analysis
Chapter 3 Mass
(around pages 52 and 56)
Antiphonal
Canticles
Recitation formula
Responsories
Responsorial
Monophonic Trope
Melismatic
Syllabic
Overview
- Early forms of Roman Catholic were sermons. Over time the sermons were divided into two parts.
Part one was for baptised Roman Catholics and potential Converts. It contained prayers, readings from the Bible, psalms, and often a sermon.Part two the catechumens was only for participants confirmed by the church.
2) The Mass evolved
Introduction
Liturgy of the Word Bible readings and Psalms
Liturgy of the Eucharist (Give thanks) Communion offerings prayers
- By the 14th century the main musical sections of the Ordinary (Kyrie,Gloria,Credo,Sanctus, and
Agnus Dei) were added.Section
4) Collect
3) Gloria
6) Gradual
7) Alleluia (or Text)
8) Sequence (on major feasts)
9) Gospel
10) Sermon (Spoken)
14) Secret
15) Preface
20) Communion
21) Postcommunion
16) Sanctus
17) Canon
18) Pater Noster (the Lords Prayer)
19) Agnus Dei
22) Ite, missa est
Proper Mass –
Ordinary Mass –
The Office
A series of 8 servicesoriginating from the Middle Ages celebrated daily at specific times
Conducting offices was different in churches than moestaries and convents.
Instructions codified by St Benedict (530)for monestaries
Offices include psalms with antiphon
Antiphon a chant sung befor and after a psalm
Responsories musicalreponses to bible readings (hymns)
Canticles poetic passages from the bible other than psalms and the prayers
Chant
Direct
Responsorial
melismatic
syllabic
trope
Characteristics:
Singers use three manners of performance
Characteristics of three styles of text setting
Some parts of Mass and Offices are chanted to recitation formulas.
Recitation formula simple melodic outlines that can be used with different texts.
Simple and ornate, chant melodies are vehicles for declaining words. It was easier to undestand words that were sung that spoken in reverberant churches. Melodies reflect the shape and rhythym of text without expression. Every chant melodie is articulated like its coresponding text. (p57) The arch of the phrases parralels the way Latin is spoken.
Sections of Ordinary Mass
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Music Analysis
Chapter 5 Organum